Trabzon was founded in the 7th century B.C. by Milletain colonists. On entering the city, on a green hill descending to the sea, is a well-preserved 13th century Byzantine church, now the Avasofya Museum. The walls of this church are decorated with frescoes, some of the finest examples of Byzantine craftmanship. The higher part of the city, the old quarter, inside the still extant fortifications with its timber houses, should be visited.

Set along the shoreline of Santa Cruz Island in the Galápagos, the Charles Darwin Research Station introduces visitors to a living laboratory shaped by volcanic land and rare wildlife. Located near Puerto Ayora, the station stands as the scientific heart of the islands, where researchers from around the world work side by side to understand and protect species found nowhere else on Earth.

Jamestown is the capital and main settlement of St. Helena, a remote British Overseas Territory in the South Atlantic. The town lies in a narrow valley opening onto the sea, with steep volcanic cliffs rising on both sides and historic buildings lining the main streets. Its compact centre contains many surviving structures associated with the island’s East India Company heritage, reflecting Jamestown’s former role as an important mid-Atlantic port.

Jeonju-si, in South Korea’s North Jeolla Province, is widely associated with preservation rather than spectacle. The city’s identity is closely tied to its role as a former provincial capital during the Joseon Dynasty and as the birthplace of the royal Yi family.

Lifou Island, the most populous of the Loyalty Islands in New Caledonia, is a flat, former coral atoll with abundant vegetation and surrounded by secluded coral reefs which many say offer some of the best snorkeling in the world.