Oruro, city in western Bolivia, capital of Oruro Department, located on a plateau about 3700 m (about 12,140 ft) above sea level. Oruro is a major railroad junction and an important commercial and processing center in a mineral, especially tin, mining area. Industries in the city include tin smelting and shoe and clothing manufacture. The Technical University of Oruro (1892) is here. Oruro was settled about 1595 by Spaniards interested in its silver deposits.

Grand Rapids sits along the Grand River in western Michigan, shaped by industry, reform, and a strong civic culture.

Fianarantsoa is a hilltop city in Madagascar’s central highlands and the capital of Haute Matsiatra region. Its name means “place of good learning,” reflecting the city’s long association with education and religious institutions. Built across a series of hills, Fianarantsoa overlooks valleys filled with rice fields, farmland, and scattered villages.

Speyer, located in the Rhineland-Palatinate region of Germany, is a city rich in history and culture. One of its most notable landmarks is the Speyer Cathedral, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the largest Romanesque churches in the world.

The Ijssel is is a slow-moving lowlands river flowing northeastward through the Netherlands as a distributary of the Rhine.